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November 28, 2007

The Ash Heap of Economic History

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At long last, the city of Clevland, Ohio is getting a Wal-Mart. And the citizens are lining up. But not to shop there (at least not yet): they are lining up to apply for jobs, at a rate of 20 applicants per opening.

Cleveland's first Wal-Mart is about to open, and with it comes 300 jobs in a metro area that is struggling economically. The result, according to the Plain Dealer: 6,000 people applied, or 20 applicants for every one job. "We had to recount (the applications) three times," Mia Masten, Wal-Mart's director of corporate affairs in its Midwest division, told the newspaper.

Lest you think that everyone sees this as a good thing, think again:

Most of the jobs are lower-paying, lower-skills positions, and the demand for those posts disturbs some people. "That's Depression-era kind of imagery," Amy Hanauer, executive director of Policy Matters Ohio, told the Plain Dealer. "You can't have an economy that works that way. It speaks to the need to generate a different kind of employment in Cleveland."

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November 25, 2007

What Did He Expect, Honestly?

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On Wikipedia you can find several entries for high-profile white-collar criminals who have misappropriated company funds, treated the corporate treasury as their personal slush fund, and otherwise stole from and lied to people to whom they had fiduciary responsibility. Recent headlines suggest that Wikipedia might also need to start a list for shock-rockers:

Shock rock singer Marilyn Manson has been accused of squandering his band's profit on a child's skeleton and masks made of human skin. His lawyer Keith Fink has now filed additional papers adding to a list of artefacts bought by the goth singer- many of which are illegal in the US. As well as the skeleton and masks, Manson is said to have bought a range of stuffed animals, including a grizzly bear and two baboons. He is also accused of using band funds to pay for a collection of Nazi memorabilia.Swastika wall tiles with matching custom rugs and Nazi government coat hangers owned by Adolf Hitler are allegedly on display in Manson's Californian mansion, according to legal papers.

While it is hard to believe anyone with a lawyer named "Fink", let alone a fondness for the macarbre AND Nazi memorabilia, I grudgingly give Manson the benefit of the doubt for being innocent until proven guilty of squandering the bands profits. His dark sense of humor is not so deserving of tolerance:

When interviewed on MTV after Bier filed the original lawsuit, Manson said: "The fact that he's claiming that I've treated him unfairly, financially, is really ridiculous." "And I would never spend my money on a Chinese girl skeleton. That would be crossing the line. It's a Chinese boy, for the record." Bier is seeking damages and lawyers fees from millionaire Manson as well as his slice of the successful band's profit.

Not that it excuses any of Manson's alledged behavior, but Bier knows what kind of man he has been working for the last several years. Manson's proclivities and perversitites are well-documented; they are the stuff of legend in certain circles. How could Bier honestly expect that such a tortured soul as Manson's could treat his bandmates and subordinates fairly and without contempt? Why would Bier not expect that his band leader was fleecing his flock at any and every opportunity? How could Bier expect that he could lie down with this "mechnical animal" and not get up with fleas, or something much worse?

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November 20, 2007

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November 19, 2007

Spin Master Connects the AquaDots

I can't recall a recent political election, or individual campaign therein, where the relationship between business and politics didn't figure frequently and prominently. And rarely for the good. Dick Morris, former Clinton spin doctor turned Clinton critic, has helped keep the tradition alive and well with these charges:

...Hillary used the (CNN moderated) debate (in Las Vegas) to spin her platitudes. One of them was a peon against unsafe toys. “We shouldn't permit the import of unsafe toys,” she said in the debate. But her chief strategist, Mark Penn, is the CEO of Burson-Marsteller, the PR company that represents Aquadots, the company that makes the bead toys with an adhesive coating that turns into the date rape drug when children suck on it.Penn is paid by Burson based on a percentage of their profits, and Aquadots is an important contributor to their bottom line. But neither Blitzer nor any of Hillary's Democratic opponents were alert enough to call the conflict into question.

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November 16, 2007

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November 12, 2007

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November 6, 2007

Workplace Stress in Alias, S01E01

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Analysis by Jinane T.

Theoretical Overview

Stress can be defined as a feeling of anxiety, worry and tension perceived by an individual. While these feelings are the human means of identifying stress itself, they are technically the manifestation or byproduct of a stressful encounter. Stress is both a stimulus, and a response. The model of stressors, stress and outcomes employed in Organizations: Behaviour, Structures, Processes explains the concept of stress in the workplace using relationships between ‘stressors’ (the demanding situations that cause stress), ‘outcomes’ (the effects and consequences of encountering that stress), and ‘moderators’ (the personal set of characteristics, predispositions and conditions an individual processes stress with).


Background

Sydney Bristow, a vivacious, athletic grad student, discovers that her not-so-typical after-school job as an agent for SD-6, a top-secret division of the CIA, holds some deadly secrets that not only put her life in danger but also threaten the security of the free world... Recruited freshman year, the then shy and lonely Sydney jumped at the chance to add some meaning and excitement to her life. Little did she know how great she’d be at espionage or how much she’d love it. Today Sydney is no longer shy or alone. Boyfriend Danny has just proposed and her best friend Francie couldn’t be happier. Sydney now finds herself facing a moral dilemma: What does she want from the rest of her life, and what does she tell her friends and would-be fiancé?

Sydney’s SD-6 partner, Marcus Dixon, a devoted family man, warns her not to reveal her secret to Danny, and Sydney knows that SD-6 leader Sloane would not look kindly on any breach of security. If there’s one rule you don’t break, this is the one you don’t break. When Sydney breaks protocol and tells Danny about her secret life, her world is spun terrifyingly sideways: Danny’s life is placed in mortal danger, and Sydney is in a fight for her own life. She discovers that her long-estranged father, Jack Bristow, is also SD-6 and that the organization is covering up a nefarious plan — they are not a branch of the CIA, but are actually an enemy of the United States. With nowhere else to turn, Sydney seeks the aid of the real CIA to regain a sense of justice. She is enlisted as a double agent. Her mission is now to complete her cases at SD-6 while reporting her findings back to the CIA. Thus she begins the long and arduous task of destroying SD-6 from the inside. Towards the end of the pilot episode, Sydney learns that her father is also a double agent with the CIA, and she begins to question where his true allegiances really lie.

Relevant Video Segments:

* Sydney vents to Danny about her poor performance in an exam at school.

* Sydney tells her fiancé she is a secret agent.

* Sydney recalls her induction process into SD-6 during an awkward meeting with Danny. On a flight to their next assignment, Sydney discusses the pressures of keeping her identity a secret with colleague Marcus Dixon.

* Sydney returns home to find Danny murdered and confronts her boss, Sloane, at SD-6 headquarters.

*The foreign enemy tortures Sydney when she is captured on a Hong Kong assignment.

* Sydney makes a resolved return to SD-6 after her extended absence.


Analysis & Application

The first half of Alias’ pilot episode sees Sydney encountering stress on an individual level and on an organizational level. The fact that Sydney’s fiancé is unaware of her secret identity with the agency causes her a great deal of emotional difficulty. We see her lying to Danny about her job “with the bank” and making up locations for business trips to explain her absence during overseas work assignments. The toll this takes on Sydney is apparent in the scene where we see her relaxing at home with Danny. Even during an intimate moment with her fiancé, Sydney’s expression reveals that she is struggling with the idea of keeping her secret from him. Sydney is experiencing the cognitive outcomes of that stressor. Clearly, the strain of her secret wins out as Sydney decides to let Danny in on the truth in a behavioral outcome to that stress.

The unrelenting pace of action and change associated with working as a secret agent would ordinarily be an extremely pervasive individual stressor. This degree of change and action however, does not seem to cause serious health and/or psychological problems for Sydney – indicating that she probably differs in terms of personality from the majority of the population. We can say that Sydney possesses hardiness, a quality that is proven to offset, or buffer the stressful impacts of change an individual encounters. This would imply that Sydney fits the ‘three-characteristic theory of hardiness’. Hardy people:

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November 5, 2007

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November 3, 2007

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November 2, 2007

All in the (Dog) Family

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As we all recall, syndicated talk-show host Don Imus had his program unceremoniously yanked from the airwaves earlier this year after he referred to members of the Rutgers University women's basketball team as "nappy-headed hos." After a bit of a hiatus, word is that he will return to the air in one month's time. No surprise here. The I-man had millions of listeners and that meant millions of dollars in ad revenues for his old employer, MSNBC. It will mean the same, in time, for his new one.

If recent history is any guide, then Duane "Dog" Chapman's Bounty Hunter show on A&E will soon be history. The self-professed "world's best bounty hunter" made the mistake of repeatedly calling the black girlfriend of one of his son's something a worse than a "nappy-headed ho." I'll give you a hint: like nappy, the word also starts with "N." The rightly offended son taped the conversation and sold it to a tabloid who in turn made it available on the web, which led A&E to "suspended production" of the show, and the rest, shall we say, is history- and not the kind on the History Channel.

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Stages of Group Development in The Apprentice, S01E01

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Analysis by M. Hasnain.

Part 1

“It's always interesting to watch people who have been incredibly successful in their own businesses work in a group made up of equally strong personalities”, -Donald Trump

The theory being used is the Five-Stage Model from Chapter 8 that describes the stages of group development. A group is defined as a “collection of individuals in which behavior and/or performance of one member is influenced by behavior and/or performance of other members.” We are looking at how groups evolve over a period of time from the very initial stages of forming until the very end when the group is adjourning. The following fully describes the five (5) stages:

*Forming: this is very first step of group formation when no one knows each other and begins by “breaking the ice” and “getting acquainted”. This is the time when “group members are trying out behaviors, testing their position, and asking others questions. “The group is establishing loose, but specific ground rules”.

*Storming. “This is the conflict phase” where members clash with each other through “arguing, debating, and experimenting with roles”. Attempts are made to “move into leadership roles”. At this point “the group’s hierarchy starts to take shape”.

*Norming. “The group starts to work more effectively together. There is a sense of togetherness or attraction to being a part of a group. This is the beginning of cohesiveness. A set of group-driven expectations is communicated within the group.”

*Performing. “A group structure, hierarchy, and norms are in place. The group is focused on accomplishing goals and being an efficient unit. This is an important stage in that the group is mature”.

*Adjourning. “The group prepares to disband. The goals have been accomplished and tasks finished. Some members will be depressed over the loss of cohesiveness in the future”.

The textbook points out that these stages don’t have a set time limit or period. In fact two or more stages could easily occur at the same time; this is just a “general framework”.

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November 1, 2007

Bases of Interpersonal Power in Fight Club

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Analysis by M. Husnain

Part 1

“Are you so impressed with authority that you give respect and credence to all that claim it?”, -Tyler Durden, Fight Club

The topic being used is from Chapter 10, and is based on Power, and the five interpersonal bases of power. Power is defined as the “ability to get others to do what one wants them to do”. We are going to look at the illustration of the 5 different types of Power:

Legitimate: “A person’s ability to influence others by being in a more powerful position”. For example, supervisors have legitimate power over their subordinates.

Reward: “A person’s ability to reward the behavior of others. It is often used to back up the use of legitimate power. It works best when employees understand how they can achieve rewards”. Examples of rewards are recognition, a pay raise, and issuing stock shares to employees.

Coercive: This is the “opposite of reward power”, and it’s the “capability to punish noncompliance of followers”. Examples are blocking promotion, and firing the employee.

Referent: “Power based on charisma due to personality or style of behavior”. This power is also a personal characteristic of an individual.

Expert:“The power to influence others based on special expertise”. Experts can “have power even when their rank is low”. Whereas the powers mentioned above are given by the organization, expert power is a personal characteristic. Examples are possessing expertise on “technical, administrative, or personal matters”.

Part 2

“People are always asking me if I know Tyler Durden.”, -The Narrator, Fight Club

The video being used for analysis is the movie Fight Club. The plot description from Yahoo Movies tells us: “The mundane existence of a product liability evaluator and insomniac, who is addicted to self-help groups, is turned upside down when he meets a sado-masochistic anarchist who is secretly plotting to overthrow civilization. As their friendship grows, they become increasingly involved in a secret society of "fight clubs" where men act out their aggressions and violently beat one another to a pulp.”

Other things we need to know are about the lead character, Tyler Durden (Brad Pitt); he wears leather jackets, fashionable sunglasses, and is really portrayed as a cool person who is calm in any situation. He is the founder and head of Fight Club. At the end of the movie we find out Tyler is the alter-ego of our other lead character (Edward Norton), the narrator whose name we are never told. They are both one and the same, physically Tyler does not exist; he only exists in the narrator’s head and is a hallucination. Tyler is essentially the ultimate man and represents the ego of the narrator. Tyler is perfect for our analysis of Power. Because I am analyzing the 5 types of power, there are several scenes spread out over the movie. These are the scenes being used for analysis in chronological order...


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Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory of Motivation in Office Space

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Analysis by. Mustapha Hasnain

Part 1

“So, where’s the motivation?”, Peter Gibbons – Office Space

The first theory I am using is Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory found in Chapter 5, and is one of many theories that describe how employees are motivated. This theory states that “job satisfaction results from the presence of intrinsic motivators and that job dissatisfaction stems from not having extrinsic factors”. Intrinsic motivators, also called satisfiers, are related to the job content and are comprised of “feelings of achievement, meaningful work, opportunities for advancement, increase in responsibility, recognition, and opportunities for growth”.

According to Herzberg, if these conditions are present in a work environment and in employees, “they build strong levels of motivation that result in good job performance”. The more these factors are present, the higher is an employee’s job satisfaction. Extrinsic motivators, also called dissatisfiers or hygiene factors, are related to “the job context” and include “pay, status, job security, working conditions, fringe benefits, policies and procedure, and interpersonal relations.” Although the presence of these conditions does not necessarily motivate an employee, their absence results in dissatisfaction. Thus, the less of these factors present, the higher an employee’s job dissatisfaction.

This theory is considered to be the “most criticized” out of all the other motivation theories. Some of the reasons being: a limited sample of professions was used in developing it; oversimplification of the causes of job satisfaction; and it “requires people to look at themselves retrospectively”. Nonetheless, this theory is still used by academics and researchers. I find the theory to be very useful due to its simple and logical application in describing job satisfaction.

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